Patenting DNA
Abstract
Patent systems in developed countries have made different interpretation or created new standards to embrace sequences of DNA as a patentable entity, regardless of the fact that in theory DNA did not fulfill requirements of patents (novelty, inventive step and industrial application (utility), and patent subject matter). This approach benefits R&D in the biotechnology industry. However, patents also represent a threat in R&D. This article studies both how patent systems in Europe adopted sequences of DNA and how patents could affect R&D in biotechnology. For full text in Spanish click here
Copyrights Y Derechos Morales De Autor: La Experiencia Del Common Law En El Reino Unido (Copyrights and Moral Rights: The Experience of the Common Law in the UK)
Abstract
Moral rights have had a wide recognition in Continental or Civil Law systems since they were adopted by Berne Convention. However, Common Law systems have resisted implementing completely moral rights into their legislation. This can be seen in the UK experience in which law makers and courts have preferred economic rights rather than moral rights in order to protect authors’ personality. These dispositions might not fully meet Berne Convention minimum standards. As a consequence, this article aims to find whether or not the UK copyright law establishes unnecessary limits to moral rights and whether or not economic rights are enough to protect authors’ personality. For full text in Spanish click here
Abstract
Patent systems in developed countries have made different interpretation or created new standards to embrace sequences of DNA as a patentable entity, regardless of the fact that in theory DNA did not fulfill requirements of patents (novelty, inventive step and industrial application (utility), and patent subject matter). This approach benefits R&D in the biotechnology industry. However, patents also represent a threat in R&D. This article studies both how patent systems in Europe adopted sequences of DNA and how patents could affect R&D in biotechnology. For full text in Spanish click here
Copyrights Y Derechos Morales De Autor: La Experiencia Del Common Law En El Reino Unido (Copyrights and Moral Rights: The Experience of the Common Law in the UK)
Abstract
Moral rights have had a wide recognition in Continental or Civil Law systems since they were adopted by Berne Convention. However, Common Law systems have resisted implementing completely moral rights into their legislation. This can be seen in the UK experience in which law makers and courts have preferred economic rights rather than moral rights in order to protect authors’ personality. These dispositions might not fully meet Berne Convention minimum standards. As a consequence, this article aims to find whether or not the UK copyright law establishes unnecessary limits to moral rights and whether or not economic rights are enough to protect authors’ personality. For full text in Spanish click here
